The Camargue extends over an area of 145,300 hectares, between the two gulfs of Aigues-Mortes and Fos, in the form of a triangular delta whose base is formed by 80km of sandy sea coast running east-west. Its central artery, the Rhône, divides into two branches: the Grand Rhône, which drains 85% of the land, and the Petit Rhône, which only drains 15% and which tends to silt up at its mouth, close to Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. These two arms divide the Camargue into three sectors: The western sector or "Petite Camargue". The central sector or "Grande Camargue", also known as the "Île de la Camargue". The plain of the Camargue is of recent alluvial origin, sloping gently from north to south. This aspect allows three elements to be distinguished : The upper Camargue, north of the Étang du Vaccarès, of riverine origin and taking the form of a series of alluvial ridges with freshwater marshes in the depressions in between. The middle Camargue, formed from processes involving lakes and rivers and under the influence of salt water; the range of salinity here is very wide. The lower Camargue, of lagoon-marine origin, is a zone of saline lagoons and of periodically flooded areas which are very strongly holomorphic , the "sansouires".
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